Rare Earth Elements
Critical from phones to fighter jets, EV motors to wind turbines. There is no free spot price; this dashboard shows USGS country output/reserve dominance and proxy miner stocks.
China’s Dominance
China leads global rare-earth mining; its share of refining/processing is even higher at ~90%. This supply concentration strongly affects prices and supply chains. Source: USGS, IEA.
Country Output and Reserves
Mine production and reserves (2024, REO content, metric tons, USGS estimate).
| Country | Output (t) | Reserves (t) |
|---|---|---|
| China | 270,000 | 44,000,000 |
| United States | 45,000 | 1,900,000 |
| Myanmar | 31,000 | — |
| Australia | 13,000 | 5,700,000 |
| Thailand | 13,000 | — |
| Nigeria | 13,000 | — |
| India | 2,900 | 6,900,000 |
| Russia | 2,500 | 3,800,000 |
| Vietnam | 300 | 3,500,000 |
| Brazil | 20 | 21,000,000 |
| Madagascar | 2,000 | — |
| World total | 390,000 | 90,000,000 |
Source: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries (US public domain). Figures are estimates; reserves are revised yearly.
Key Elements
There are 17 rare-earth elements; these four are the core of the magnet supply chain.
| Element | Symbol | Group | Main Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Neodymium | Nd | Light (LREE) | Permanent NdFeB magnets for EV motors and wind turbines |
| Praseodymium | Pr | Light (LREE) | NdPr magnet alloy; aircraft engines and durable pigments |
| Dysprosium | Dy | Heavy (HREE) | Keeps magnets strong at high temperatures (EV/defense) |
| Terbium | Tb | Heavy (HREE) | High-temperature magnet additive and green phosphor (displays/lighting) |
Proxy Miner Stocks (live)
With no REE spot price, the sector is viewed through these producer/processor stocks — these are company shares, not the REE price.
This page is descriptive data only; not investment advice or a price forecast. Output/reserve figures are backward-looking USGS estimates. Rare-earth stocks carry high volatility, geopolitical and commodity-cycle risk; past performance is no guide to the future.